Thread-milling hob and method of making



E. BUCKINGHAM. THREAD MILLING HDB ANDZMETHOD OF MAKING;

' nmcmou FILED 020.1. m 1 PQtGIltGd FOIL 28, 1922.

5 SHEETS' -SQEET I.

E. BUCKINGHAM. THREAD MILLING HOB AND METHOD OF MAKING.

. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1. 1919. 1,407,837.

Patnted Feb. 28, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2. Z'igll E. BUCKINGHAM. THREAD MILLING HUB AND METHOD OF MAKING.

APPLICATION FILE D DEC-1| I919- Patented Feb. 28,1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- ,Ei zi E. BUCKINGHAM. I THREAD MILLING HOB AND METHODOF MAKING.

APPLICATION men 05C. 1. 1919.

Patefited Feb, 28, 1922..

5 SHEETS SHEET 4- Egg E g 5 6 KW HA N E. BUCKINGHAM.

THREAD MILLING HOB AND METHOD OF MAKING.

' APPLICATION FILED DEC. I, I9I9. 28, 5 S EEEEEEEE EET 5- IV/ I A 7/ W III/MM I 7 III/I I IIIIIIIIIIIIIII UNITED STATES- EARLE nuoxmonam, or HAR'rroRn, coNN'EoTIcur, ASSIGNOR To PRATT 0; COMPANY, on NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY PATENT oFFicE.

WHITNEY THREAD-MILLING HOB AND METHOD OF MAKING.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EARLE BUCKINGHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Thread- Milling Hobs which the following is a specification.

he invention relates particularly to thread milling formed by the intersection of right hand and left hand helical grooves which intersect each other in the proper relationship and which also intersect the generally longitudinal grooves or gashes between the lands. One'of the advantages of a hob of this type is that the teeth may be ground not only on their'front cutting faces but also on their lateral faces, it being thus possible to remove any distortion resulting from hardening. Hobs of this type can therefore be formed with a high degree of accuracy.

One of the ob'ects of the invention is to provide a hob 0 this type having teeth arranged in generally longitudinal helical rows, the cutting faces at the front of the lands being helicoidal. Another object of the invention is to provide a hob of this type having the teeth of successive rows staggered with respect to each other and formed with a height considerably in excess of the depth of the thread to be cut so that the hob can be sharpened by grinding the cutting faces without changing the effective shapes of the teeth. These two features may be and in fact are preferably combined in a sin le hob. A hob constructed in accordance with the invention may be formed with the teeth in annular rows or with the teeth arranged in conformity with a thread. The hob ma be of uniform diameter throughout or it ma be formed with different diameters at dif-' ferent points. The cutting faces may be radial or undercut. as desired.

The invention is particularly applicable to hobs for cutting sharp V-threads but it is not so limited and a further object of the invention is to provide a hob of this type having the tops of the teeth flattened or otherwise shaped to permit the cutting'of U. S. standard threads or threads of other forms. 1

Another object of the invention is to. vide an improved method whereby obs having the characteristics hereinbefore set forth maybe constructed.

S Specification of Letters Patent.

and Methods of Making, of

hobs having their. teeth 1 features of the invention.

ro- I "Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

Application filed December 1, 1919. .Serial No. 341,790.

In the accompanying drawings I have shownseveral forms'of hobs embodying the lIlVGIltlOIr and I have illustrated the different ways of practicin the method h by these different ho g W ere drawings: Figures 1 and 2 are side and end views respectively of a hob embodying :certain 1g. 3 is a diagrammatic development view of the hob illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 1s a mathematical diagram relating the hob illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 5 IS a diagrammatic development view similar to Fig. 3 but showing a hob somewhat dlfierent from that illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 in that the teeth are arranged in conformity with a thread.

Fig. 6 is a mathematical diagram similar toFig. 4 but relating to the hob illustrated in development in Fig. 5. 2

Figs. 7 to 10 are mathematical diagrams relating to the hob illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3.

Figs. 11 to 14 are mathematical diagrams relating to the hob ment in Fig. 5.

Fig. 15 is an end view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a hob with its cutting faces undercut or non-radial.

Figs..16 to 18 are mathematical diagrams relating to the hob illustrated in Fig. 15.

'. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic development view similar to Figs. 3 and 5 but showing a hob having staggered teeth.

Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic development view similar to Fig. 19 but showing a hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread.

' Figs. 21 and22 are side and end views respectively of another hob embodying the invention. l

Figs. 23 and 24 are side and end views respectively of a-hob similar to that illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22 but conical in form.

Fig. 25 is a side view of a holb similar to that shown in Figs. 21 and 22 but havin teeth arranged in conformity with a threa is a side view of a hob similar, to that shown in Figs. 23 and 24 but having the teeth arranged in conformity with a thread.

Fig. 27 is a fragmentary development view by the inclined intersecting grooves they are Figs. 23 and 24.

showing a hub blank with one set of helical grooves cut therein, as a part of the method of making the hob illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22.

Fig. 28 is a fragmentary sectional view taken alon the line 28-28 of Fig. 27.

Fig. 29 1s a fragmentary sectional view taken alon the line 29-29% of Fig. 27.

Fig. 30 1s a view similar to F1g.:27 but showing a hob blank with a different set of helical grooves cut therein. 7

Fig. 31 is a fragmentary'sectional view taken along the line 31-31 of Fig. 30.

Fig; 32 is a fragmentary development view similar to Figs. 27 and 30 but showing a hob blank with both sets of helical grooves cut therein.

Fig. 33 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 33-33 of Fig. 32.

Fig. 34 is a fragmentary development view similar to Fig. 32 but also showing the longitudinal gashes.

Fig. 35 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 35--35 of Fig. 34.

Fig. 36 1s acomplete development view similar to Fig. 34 but showing the finished hob as illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22.

Fig. 37 is a fragmentary sectional view taken alon the line 37-37 of Fig. 36. r

Fig. 38 1s a complete development viewto Fig. 36 but showing a hob such similar as illustrated in Fig. 25.

Figs. 39 and 40 are similar respectivel showing a conical. ob such as illustrated in Figs. 41 and similar respectively showing a conical hob 42 are fragmentary views to Figs. 39 and 40 but such as illustrated in Fig. 26.

igs. 43 and 44 are side and end views respectively of a hob similar to that illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22 but having the tops of the teeth flattened. H

Fig.- 45 is a diagrammatic view showing one method of flattening the teeth. 1

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that I have Ftudinal but helical rows, row having ting face.

faces 4. The grooves are provided a thread cutting hob P having its cutting teeth 1 arranged in generally longithe teeth of each a common helicoidal front cut- The teeth are formed by cuttin sets of inclined right and lefthand helica grooves in a blank and by cutting generally longitudinal helical ga'shes 2 which leave helical lands 3 with helicoidal front cutting V-shaped but I bottoms. Inasmuch as the teeth are formed provided with side relief; and, as the sides of the teethare inclined with respect to the axis, the teeth also have radial relief. The lead and spacing of the grooves are so determined that fragmentary views to Figs. 32 and 36, but

do not limit myself to grooves ha'vingsharp -derstood' that t faces may instance, being conical. g the method of making will be more clear? ent on the the positions of the teeth conform to the aforesaid generall "longitudinal helicoidal cutting faces. he lands and cutting faces are shown as bein left hand but it will be une invention is not so limited. Any convenient number of lands and cutting be selected. As illustrated the cutting faces are radial but as to this there ma be variation.

he grooves may be cut in. any desired we as for instance by the lathe tool or a mi ling cutter. After the hob has been preliminarily formed and after it has been hardened the sides of the grooves may be ground and an distortion due to hardening.

As s own .in Fig. are arranged in annular rows, the hob there fore being formed without lead. It is 'pos sible, however, as 'will be presently explained, to construct the hob so that the teeth conform to a thread, the with lead. The hobPis shown as being of uniform diameter throughout but this is not essential. As will presently appear, the hob may be formed with different diameters, for

The structure of the hob and understood from a consideration of the agrammatic Fig. 3. In this figure, the lines a represent to remove any initial irregularities 1, the cutting teeth 1- hob then being formed I the positions of the annular rows of teeth 1. v 'I The lines b represent the inclined or helicoidal cutting ed as left hand. The lines 0 represent the tops of the ridges between the helical grooves, inclined or having a lead in the same direction as the cuttin .faces, and the lines d rep-resent the tops o the ridges between the helical grooves inclined or having a lead in the opposite direction from the Some of the, teeth are reprecutting faces. sented in heavy lines in the up corner. The cutting of the r1 hand grooves and the cutting of' the inclined longitudinal g'ashes are so related that the er left hand faces 4, thesebeing illustratght and left lines b,'c, and d representing the edges ofthe gashes and grooves intersect at common points, thus forming cutting teeth 1 which,

extend backward from the inclined or helicoidal cuttingfaces represented by the lines b. The amounts of the inclinations or leads of the grooves differ from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of the inclination or lead of the cutting faces. The axial spacings of the grooves are dependleads thereof and the grooves with the same direction of lead and the cutting faces and the grooves with the opposite direction of lead have axial spacings which are respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead With a hob such as P set is the of the cutting faces. the number of grooves in each same as the number of lands and cutting Fig. is a develo ment view of ahob Q 65 faces. In practice, it is ordinaril more similar to the hob I shown in Figs. 1 to 3, convenient to cut the right and 1e t hand but having the teeth arranged in conformity rooves first and then to cut the inclined lon- ,with a thread, the hob being thereby formed 5. gitudinal gashes at such positions that with a lead. The lines a, b, c andd correthe cutting faces will be formed at the intergpond respectively to the similar lines in 70 sections of the said grooves. ig. 3. The arrangement of the teeth on It will be-seen that supplemental backthe hob is secured solely by changes in the ward facing teeth areinitially formed be- .leads and the spacings of the right and left 10 tween the forward facing teethle These hand helical grooves. Certain changes are must be removed by a separate operation to made in the leads as will presently appear. 75

leave the spaces 5 as shown. This operation With a hob such as Qthenumber of grooves ma be conveniently performed in a relievinclined in the same direction as thecutting ing lathe. Y faces is one less than the number of cutting The longitudinal leads of the right and faces and thenumber of grooves inclined in left hand grooves may be readily determined the opposite direction. is one more than the 80 mathematically assuming that one knows number of cutting faces, thus changing the the number of threads per inch to be cut by, axial spacings of the grooves of the two sets. -the finished hob, the longitudinal lead of the Referring to Fig. 6, let it be assumed'that helical gashes and of the cutting faces, and A'and B correspond respectively'to A and the number of the said gashes and cutting B. It will be apparent that 35 faces. Let it be assumed that v L 1 N=Number of threads per inch. l E F- 1 a FzNumber of gashes and cutting faces. N F N}? p L=Lead of-gashes and cutting faces.- d th F g p 90 AzLead of the helical grooves inclined in an v v the same direction as the cutting faces. 7 l g C B :Lead of the helical grooves inclined in E the gpposite direction from the cut- Referring to F ig.4, it will be seen that, if 9 vLNF l It will also be clear that f v a T n v v 100 f Y C' Q m 40 It will also be seenthaF- A L 105 '11 g i. I imp TN Similarly it will be seen that-- i O 22+ "9+2 F e r-om LN+FL l and that-- Similarly it will be seen that v O Li, C F+1) 0 L2 r o r+1 L* W B= p 4 It will also be clear that- I 20 It is to be observed that'the foregoing v V values A and B are independent of the cir- E cumference, and hence of the diameter, of g ,5

the hob. The actual inclinations of the F N right and left hand grooves will vary with L(F+1) the diameter but the leads will remain the .13 m

same.

It is to be observed that the values of A and B are also independent of the circumference, and hence of the diameter, of the hob. The actual inclinations of the right and left hand grooves will vary with the diameter but the leads will remain the same. With helicoidal cutting faces such as herein shown and described it is necessary to properly determine the leads of the right and left hand grooves but also to pro erly determine the angles of the sides of? the grooves, particularly the angles of the sides which are effective to form the teeth that is, the left hand sides of the right hand grooves and the ri ht hand sides of the left hand grooves. These angles are measured at axial planes of intersection. These effective angles differ from each other to an extent dependent on the lead of the cutting faces. The angles of the sides of the grooves with the same direction of inclination or lead as the cutting faces and of the grooves with the opposite direction of inclination or lead are respectively increased and decreased in relation to the angles of the corresponding sides of the teeth by amounts dependent on the lead of the cutting faces. I

For purposes of explanation it will be assumed that the cutting faces are left hand as shown. Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic plan view showing two grooves intersecting to form a single tooth of the hob P. It will be seen that the width of this tooth is and that the circumferential length of thetooth is Referring to Fig. 8, it will be seen that the height of the tooth is D, this being the depth of a sharp V-thread. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of the tooth taken on an t and thatnot only Similarly it will be seen that- In Fig. 9, the angle at the left hand side of the rlght hand groove is shown at m, and in Fig. 10, the angle at the right hand side of the left hand groove is shown at n. Then- It will be seen that the angles of the sides i Pl 2F It is apparent that P ZLNF If g 'is the length of the tooth measured c1rcumferentially-- hob may be otherwise similar the grooves, then- It follows that ut showing a hob R having teeth 6 with undercut non-radial cutting faces 7. The to the hob P shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and re etition of the description is unnecessary. t will be understood, however, that in the case of a hob with undercut cutting faces, I am not necessarily limited to cutting faces that are also helicoidal. The undercut hob may be formed with or without lead.

It will be clear that in making the hob R a further correction must be made in the effective angles of the sides of the right and left hand grooves. The-diagrams in Figs. 16, 17 and 18 relate t the hob T andare similar respectively to the diagrams in Figs. ;-s, 9, andlO. amount of the undercut at the base ofeach tooth is 'v and that the heights of the/tooth Let itibe assumed that the corners are to and 'm, respectively.'..'-

at. axial planes through the rear and front and- If y and z are the angles of the sides of tan y= =2D (L F Z f a grooves ineach set is one-half the number the thread is \the staggered toothtype will more parent from an examination of Figs. 21 and suitable for some classes ofwork, is nevertheless objectionable for the reason that it can not be sharpened on the front cutting face without changing the shapes of the teeth. It will be clear that the teeth have the maximum height D only at the front faces and that as these front faces are ground backward the height becomes less. To avoid this difficulty and to secure other advantages, I prefer to form the hob with one-half the number of teeth in each row and with the height of all of the teeth in excess of the depth of the thread to be cut. The teeth in each row are staggered with respect to those in each adjacent row.

Hobs S and T of this type are shown in development in Figs. 19 and 20, these hobs having planelongitudinal cutting faces. It will be seen that there are one-half as many teeth in each row, as shown in Figs. "3 and 5 and that the teeth are twice as high and ,therefore twice as wide. The teeth of each row are staggered with respect to those of each adjacent row and it will therefore be tween those of', the next row with the net -result that the hobs S and T cut the same number of threads on the work as do the 1 hobs P and Q and 5. Only r effective for uopportunity their if the shapes of the threads work. approximately -j the required teeth and the circumferential spacing is approximately twice the circumshownrespectively in Figs. 3 the top parts of the teeth are cutting and there is therefore for the teeth to be ground on. front cutting faces without changing to be .cut on the The axial spacing of thegrooves is twice the axial spacing of ferential spacing of the cutting faces. With hob such as S without lead, the number of In order that there may of grooves in each set, it number of cutting faces must be an even number. In the case of a hob such as T formed with a lead the number of grooves having an inclination or lead in the same direction as the thread is oneof cutting faces. be a whole number it obvious that the half the number of cutting faces plus one. The number of grooves having an incllnation or lead in the opposite direction from one-half the number of cutting faces minus one. It will therefore be clear that for a hob, with lead the number of cutting faces must be an odd number.

'The structure and advantages of hobs of '22 which show a hob U which is similar to the hob S except that in addition to hav ing staggered teeth 8, it also has helical ashes 9 which form helicoidal cutting faces 0. These cutting faces may be either radial or undercut. It Will be seen that the teeth of each row are staggered with respect to the teeth of each adjacent row so that the hob will cut a number of threads per inch which is twice the number of threads per inch in each row. The height of all of the teeth is-in excess of the depth of the threads to be cut, preferably being twice the said depth. This permits the teeth to be sharpened on the front faces without changing the effective shapes of the teeth. As already stated the sides of the teeth can be readily ground after hardening, thus insuring great accuracy not only when the hob is new but also after resharpening.

- similar to the hob have a value m as Figs. 23 and 24 show a hob V which is U, except that it has different diameters at different points, the hob being shown as conical in form. The teeth are represented by 11, the gashes by 12 and the cutting faces by 13.

Fig. 25 shows a hob W which is similar to the hob U except that the teeth are arranged in conformity with a thread and that there is an odd number of'cutting faces instead of an even number. The teeth are represented by 14, the gashes by 15 and the cutting faces by 16.

Fig. '26 shows a hob X which is similar to the hob V except that the teeth are arranged in conformity with a thread and that there is an odd number of cutting faces instead of an even number. The teeth are represented by 1-7, the gashes by 18 and the cutting faces by 19.

Figs. 27 to 37 illustrate successive steps in the formation of the hob U. Fig. 27 shows a fragmentary blank with left hand grooves cut therein, these grooves having a lead A determined as already explained. The angles at the sides of the grooves particularly at the right hand sides have a value n as shown in Fig. 28, this angle being determined as already explained. Fig. 29 is a fragmentary transverse section of the blank after one set of grooves has been cut therein. Fig. 30 is a view similar to Fig. 27 but showing the blank as it would appear if the right hand grooves were out first. These grooves have a'lead B which is determined as already explained. The angles at the sides of the grooves particularly shown in Fig. 31, this angle being determined as already explained. It will be understood that either the left hand grooves or the right hand grooves may be cut first and that these grooves are started at any convenient positions, it not being necessary to cut the I, grooves of the two sets in any predetermined relative positions. Fig. 32 shows the blank as it appears with both the left hand -tional view similar to ing the gushes.

development of a at the left hand sides grooves and the right hand grooves cut therein. Fig. 33 is a view similar to Fig. 29 but showing the section as it appears with both sets of grooves cut.

Fig. 34 is a view similar to Fig. 32 but showin the blank as it appears with the helical gas ies 9 cut therein, to form the helicoidal cutting faces 10. It will be noted that the ashes cut off the rear parts of the teeth so t at they do not extend-backward to u Wint as do the teeth of the hobs P to R hile I do not limit myself to the cutting of the right and left hand grooves before the gashes are cut, I nevertheless prefer to so cut. them as the gashes can conveniently be cut so that the.cutting faces 10 will pass through the points of intersection of the dividing lines between the left hand grooves and-the dividing lines hand grooves. Fig. 35 is a fragmentary sec- Fig. 33 but also show- An inspection of Figs. 34 and 35 shows that small projections 20 remain between the teeth 8.

Fig. 36 is a complete of the finished hob, this view differing from Fig. 34 in that the projections 20 have been removed. These projections are removed by a separate operation, .and they may conveniently be removed in a relieving machine or chipped out by hand. Fig. 37 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to Fig. 35 except thatrthe projections 20 have been removed.

Fi 38 is a complete development similar to Fig. 36 but showing the hob "W as'illustrated in Fig. 25. In forming this hob, the left hand grooves have a pitch A and the right hand grooves have a pitch B, both being determined as heretofore explained. The anglesu at the right hand side of the left hand rooves and the angles t at the left hand side of the right hand grooves are determined as already explained. It will be observed that there is an odd number of rows of teeth, the reason for this having been explained in connection with Fig. 20.

Figs. 39' and 40 are similar respectively to Figs. 32 and 36 except that they show the conical hob V as illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24. The longitudinal pitches of the left hand and right hand grooves are A and B, respectively, these being the same as for the hob U. The angles at and m are the same as for the'hob U. It has already been pointed out that the diameter of the hob does not enter into the determination of the values of the leads A and B and of the angles m and n.

Figs. 41 and 42 are similar respectively to Figs. 39 and 40 but show the hob X as illustrated in Fig. 26. The longitudinal pitches of the left hand and right hand grooves are between the right A and B, respectively, these being the same as for the hob W. he angles uand t are the same as for the hob W.

The hobs Q to X have all been described as having sharp teeth adapted to cut sharp V-threads, but it will be understoodthat the invention is by no means limited to hobs with sharp' teeth and that the tops of the teeth can be flattened or otherwise shaped to adapt themfor cutting U. S. standard threads or threads of other forms.

Figs. 43 and 44 are similar respectively to Figs. 21 and 22 except that they show ahob Y having the tops of its teeth 21 conform to U. S. standard threads. The flattened top surfaces extend backward and inward to conform to the effective radial relief on the other parts of the teeth. It will be understood that when the hob is in use, the flattened tops of the teeth out the bottoms of the threads on the work and that the re-' quired flats at the tops of the threads on the work are secured by properly adjusting the hob so that it cuts only to such adepth as to leave the flats; The tops of the teeth maybe flattened by means of a suitable tool in a relieving lathe the same time being made of a specially formed milling cutter for this purpose. Fig. 45 is a diagranimatic view showing a milling cutter Z which is suitably shaped not only for cutting the gashes but also for flattening the tops of the teeth.

What I claim is:

1. A thread milling hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and havin sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces.

2. ,A thread milling hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth'extending backward from the said cutting faces, the leads of thegrooves of the two sets being different to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces.

3. A thread milling hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and havi setsof right andleft hand V-shaped h elical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form simi-.

lar backward from the said cutting faces, the grooves with the same direction of leadas the cutting faces and the grooves with the flattened to or they may be flattened at that the gashes are cut, use

backward from the relieved thread cutting teeth extending opposite direction of lead having axial spacings which are respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces.

4. A thread milling hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the effective angles of the sidesof the grooves of the two sets being different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces. 5. A thread milling hob having a plurality of generallyv longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand 'V shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces'to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the effective angles of the sides of the grooves with the same direction of lead as the cutting faces and of the sides of the grooves with the opposite direction of lead being respectively-increased and decreased in rela tion to the angles of the corresponding sides of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces;

6. A thread milling hob havin a plural ity of generally longitudinal he ical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and hav ing sets of right and leftv hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the

leads of the grooves of the two sets being different to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, the effective angles of the sides of the grooves of the two sets being different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces.

7. A thread milling hob having a plural-- ity of generally longitudinal helical lands a with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and" left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form. similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending said cutting faces, the grooves with the same direction of lead as the cutting faces and the grooves with the opposite direction of lead having axial spacings which are respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and the effective angles of the sides ofjthe grooves with the same direction of lead as the cut-. ting faces and of the sides of the rooves with the opposite direction of lea being respectively increased and decreased in relation to the angles of the correspond ng sides of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces.

8. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob having a plurality of enerally longitudinal helical lands with he icoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread.

' intersecting each other Land" intersecting 9. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob having a plurality of. generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread, the lead of the thread being in the opposite direction from that of the cutting faces.

10. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the

said hob having a longitudinal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves plurality of generally the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extendingbackward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread, the leads of the grooves of the two sets being different to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces and the leads of the grooves of the two sets being further different to provide the aforesaid arrangement of theteeth in conformity with a thread. p

I 11. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidalv the cutting faces and the grooves with the opposite direction of lead having axial spacings which are respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of I the teeth 7 by spacings 0 cutting faces to form similar relieved t helical lands with helicoidal amounts depending on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and the f the grooves being further changed by increasing that of one .set and decreasing that of the other to provide the aforesaid arrangement of'the teeth in conformity with a thread.

12. A thread arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob havinga plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and-deft hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread, the effective angles of the sides of the grooves of the two sets being different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces and the said effective angles being further different to provide the aforesaid arrangement of the teeth in conformity with a thread.

13. A thread milling hob havingrality of generally longitudinal a. atlan and left hand V- haped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the read:

milling hob having its teeth I ds with cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height h being in excess of the of all of the tee depth of thethread to be milled. A thread milling hob front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical groovesin other and intersectmg the form similar reheved threadhaving a plu rality of generally longitudinal lands with face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height of all of the teeth being approximately twice the depth of the thread to be milled.

15. thread milling hob having a plurality ofgenerally longitudinal landswith front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V- haped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height of all of the teeth being approximately twice the depth of the thread to be milled and the spaces between the teeth being at all points at least as deep as the bottoms of the teeth at the cutting face S 16. A thread milling hob having its teeth 180 shaped helical grooves arranged in conformity with a thread, the

of generally 1 adjacent cutting face and the height of all of the teeth being in excess of the depth of the thread to be milled.

17. A thread milling hob having a plurality of longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting face to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face.

18. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob having a lurality of generally longitudinal helical ands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right andleft hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cut ting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity With a thread with those at each cutting face staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face.

19. A thread milling hob havin a plural ity of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending back- Ward-from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height of all of the teeth being in excess of the depth of the thread to be milled.

20. A thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the

said hob having a plurality of generally longitudinalhelical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread with those at each cutting face staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height of all'of the teeth being in excess of the depth of the thread to he milled. V

21. A differently diametered thread milling hob having a' plurality of longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces.

22. A conical thread milling hob having a plurality of longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relievedthread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces.

23. A differently diametered thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the said hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread. I

24. A differently diametered thread millinn hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal lands with front cutting faces and having shaped helical grooves other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teethat ea'ch cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each adjacent cutting face and the height of all of the teeth. being in excess of the depth of the thread to'be milled.

25. A differently diameteredthread milling hob having a plurality of longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting face to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each ad'acent'cutting face.

' 26. A thread milling hob having a plurality of generally longitudinal lands with undercut non-radial front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting each intersecting the cutting faces to form simisets of right and left hand V- backward from the said cutting facesythe tents dependent on the amounti of under;

' two sets being different from each other) to at each adjacentruttingifacei helical grooves intersecting each othenand sidegiof: the grooves;of the; two intersecting the cutting faces to form 311 1115 stillLfurther different? from the angles of;

lar relieved thread cutting teeth extending the corresponding s des of the. tethtoexeffective angles ofthe sides of'the grooves cut; i q, 1:1 a 7 of the twosets: being different from the an 1 rhthread, milling hob. having a ,plngles of the corresponding sides of the teeth rality ofjgenerally ilongitud'nal lands with to extents dependent on the amount ofun undercut non-radialfront cutting facesland dercut. i 7 7 .w having sets of ;r1ght and:left hand ,V-shaped "28 .A thread'mi-l'ling hob having apluhelical grooves intersectingeach other and 7 rality-of generally longitudinal helical lands intersecting the cutting faces to formsimi with un'dercutnon-radial helicoidal front lar relieved thread cutting teeth. extending cutting faces and having sets ofright and backward from the said cutting faces, the left hand V- haped helical grooves -yinterteethi-ateach cutting vface being staggered secting each other and intersecting thesaid with respect to thoseji'at each adj aeent feut- 3'0 cutting faces to form similar relieved thread ing face. and, the height of-all of the 'teeth cutting teeth extending backward from the being tinvexcess of the depth ftheth ead said cutting faces. g t E to bemilled i u a p f 29. A thread milling hob having a pluthreadmilling' hob having a plu rality of generally longitudinal l helical rality of generally; longitudinal helical lands with undercut non-radial helicoidal lands with undercut non-radial helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right front cutting facesand having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helicalgrooves inand left handV-shapedhelical grooves tersecting each other and-intersecting the tersecting each other andlintersecting the said cutting faces to form similar" relieved cutting facesto form similar relieved thread thread cutting teeth extending backward cutting teeth extending backward fronithe" from the said cutting faces, the effective saidcntting,faces,jthe teethateachic'uttin angles of the sides of the grooves of the. face being staggeredwith respect to thbse an extent dependent on the amount vof lead '34. A differently dian'ietered thread millof the cutting faces and theisaid effective in hob having a plurality oflongitudinal angles being further different from: the fanhe ical lfiI'ldSWlth undercut non-radial front gles' of the corresponding sides of the teeth cutting: faces and having sets of right and to extents dependent on the amount of unieft hand V- haped helical grooves intersectd t, 1 i '5 ing' each other-andintersecting thecut'ting 30. A thread milling hob ,having its faces toform similar'relieved thread cutting teeth arranged in conformity withathread, teeth extending backward from the said cuta and aidhob having a plurality of generting faces; a A v I ally] longitudinal helical lands with under-i 35. A differently diametered thread nillcut'non-radial helicoidalfront cutting faces mg hob having a plurality ofgenerally lonand having sets of right and left hand gitudinal lands with undercut non radial V-shaped grooves intersectingeach other front-cuttingfacesandhaving sets of right and intersecting the said cutting faces-to and lefti hand-V-shaped helical grooves inform similar relieved'thread'cuttingteeth tersecting each other and intersecting :the extending backward from the said cutting cutting faces to form similar relieved thread 11 faces and arranged as aforesaid in con- Cu ing teeth extending-backward; fromthe formity with a thread, v

saidcuttingfaces; the teeth at each cutting 31, A thread milling hob having its teeth face being staggeredlwithrespect to those at arranged in conformity with athread, the each adjacent cutting face and the height said hob having a plurality of generally 10f allof the teeth being in excess of the 11 longitudinal helical. lands withundercut depth ofthe thread tobe milled, v y non-radial helic'oidal front cutting faces 36. A thread milling hob havingaplurah and having two setsofright and left hand itylof generally longitudinal landsl'with un- V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each dercutnon-radial front cutting faces and other and intersecting the'said cutting faces having sets of rightandleft hand V-shaped 1 to form similar relieved thread cutting helical grooves intersecting each other and teeth extending backward from thesaid cut- Iintersecting the cutting faces to form similar ting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conradially relieved thread cuttingteethextendformity with a thread, the effective angles ingvbackward from thesaid cutting fa'ces,

of the sides of the grooves of the 'two sets "each of the teethbeing provided witha' flatbeing different from each other to anex- =tenedltopsurface-which extends backward tent dependent on the amount of-lead of and inward from thecutting face in conthe: cutting faces to provide the aforesaid forrnitywith the effective radial relief on the arrangement of the teeth in conformity with otheryparts, of the teeth. Y L a thread and the effective angles at the 37. A thread milling hob having 'a plurala ity of generally longitudinal helical lands each cutting face with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar radially relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, each of the teeth being provided with a flattened. top surface which extends backward and inward from the cutting face in conformity with the effective radial relief on the other parts of the teeth. g

38. A thread milling hob having a plural: ity of generally longitudinal lands with front cutting faces and having sets of right and left hand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar radially re-- lieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said being staggered with re- ,spect. to those at eachadjacent cutting face i and the;height of all of the teeth being in milled andeach lief on the other A thread milling excess of the depth ofthe threads to be of the teeth being provided H with a 1 flattened top surface which extends hob having a 'plurality' of generally longitudinal helical lands a with helicoidal front cutting faces and havsets of right and left hand V-shaped he ical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to form similar radially relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, the teeth at each cutting face being staggered with respect to those at each'adjacent cutting face and each of the teeth being provided with a flattened top surface which extends backward and inward from the cutting face in conformity with the effectlilve radial relief on the other parts of the teet 40. A thread milling hob with different diameters having a pluralityof longitudinal helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces and having sets of right andlefthand V-shaped helical grooves intersecting each other and intersecting the cutting faces to r form similar radially relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said cutting faces, each of the teeth being provided with a flattened top surface which extends backward and inward from the cutting face in conformity with the effective radial relief on the other parts of the teeth.

41. The herein described method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, and in so relating cutting faces, the teeth at cutting faces and the posite direction of lead with axial spacings I which ting grooves and gashes that their edges, intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces. Q2. The herein described method of mak 2'0 ing a thread milling hob, the method 0011- 1 sisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in-cutting generally the blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providingthe grooves of the two sets with leads which I differ to an extent dependent on tlteamount of leadof the cutting faces," and in, so relating the grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form the said similar relieved thread-cutting teeth extendting faces.

43.. The hereindescribed method of making cutting setsof right and left hand helical VV-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in' the blankto form helicallands'with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the grooves having the same direction of lead as the grooves having the opare respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of the teeth by amounts dependent on "the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces.

44. The hereindescribed method of mak ing a thread milling hob, the method con- 1 5 sisting in cu'tting'sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutgenerally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank toform helical .lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the grooves of the two sets with effective angles at the sides thereof which are different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the grooves and gashes that their edgesintersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces.

4:5. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the sides of the grooves having the same direction of lead as the cutting faces and the sides of the grooves having the opposite direction of lead with effective angles which are respectively increased and decreased in relation to the longitudinal helical gashes in 75' ing ac rd from the said helicoidal cut- 85 x a thread milling hob, the method consisting in 1 the angles of the corresponding sides of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the grooves and gaslies that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending back-.

ward from the said helicoidal cutting faces.

46. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank, to form helical lands w th helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing thegrooves of the two sets with leads which 7 differ to an extent dependent on the amount a of lead of the cutting faces, in providing the sides of the grooves of two sets with effective angles which are different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extendi backward from the said helicoidal cutting aces.

47. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting enerally longitudinal helical gashes in lank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the grooves having the same direction of lead as the cutting faces and the grooves having the opposite direction of lead with axial spacings which are relatively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacing of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lea of the cutting faces, in providing the sides of the grooves having the same direction of lead as the cutting faces and the sides of the grooves having the opposite direction of lead with effective 1 angles which are respectively increased and decreased in relation to the an les of the corresponding sides of the teeth by amounts dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the grooves and gashes that their edges inteisect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces.

48. The hereindescribedamethod of making a thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the method consistingin cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a threa 49. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the grooves of the two sets with leads which differ to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal arranged as aforesaid in cutting faces and conformity with a thread.

50. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the method consistin in cutting sets of right and left hand he ical V-sha ed grooves in a blank, in cutting general y longitudinal helical gashes in the blank toform helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in providing the grooves having the same direction of leadas the cuttin faces and the grooves having the'opposite irection of lead with axial spacings which are respectively decreased and increased in relation to the axial spacin of the teeth by amounts dependent on t he amount of lead of the cutting faces, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces and arranged as aforesaid in conformity with a thread.'

51. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob having its teeth arranged in conformity with a thread, the method consistin in cutting sets of right and left hand V- haped grooves in a blank in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with helicodial front cutting faces, in providing the sides of the grooves of the two sets with effective angles which are different from each other to an extent dependent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces and in so relating the said grooves an gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces and ,arran ed as aforesaid in conformity with a threa 52. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves ina blank, in cutting generally longitudinal gashes in the a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal blank to form lands with front cutting faces,

the depth of the said grooves being in exof the said grooves being approximately cess of the depth of the thread to he milled twice the axial spacing of the required teeth and the axial spacing of the grooves being on the hob and the circumferential spac approximately twice the axial spacing of ing being approximately twice the cirthe required teeth on the hob and the circumferential spacing of the cutting faces, cumferential spacing being approximately and in so relating. the said grooves and twice the circumferential spacing of the cutgashes that their edges intersect at comting faces, and in so relating the said mon points to form on each land similar grooves and gashes that their edges intersect relieved thread cutting teeth extending backat common points to form on each land slmlward from the corresponding helicoidal cutlar relieved thread cutting teeth extendin ting face and staggered with respect to the backward from the corresponding face an teeth on each adjacent land.

staggered with respectrto the teeth on each 56. The hereindescribed method of makadjacent'land. ing a thread milling hob, the method con- 53. The hereindescribed method of maksisting in cutting sets of right and left hand sisting in cutting sets of right and left hand ting generally longitudinal gashes in the helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutblank to form lands with undercut nonting generally longitudinal gashes in the radial front'cutting faces, in providing the b ank to form lands with front cutting grooves of the two sets with effective angles faces, the depth of the said grooves being at the sides thereof which are different from milled and the axial spacing of the grooves, teet to an extent dependent on the amount being approximately twice the axial spacof undercut, and in so relating the said 1 ing of the required teeth on the hob and grooves and gashes that their edges interthe circumferential spacing being approxisect at common points to form similar remately twice the circumferential spacing of lieved thread cutting teeth extending backthe cutting faces, in so relating the said ward from the said undercut faces. grooves and gashes-that their edges inter- 57. The hereindescribed-method of maksect at common points to form on each land ing a thread milling hob, the method consimilar relieved thread cutting teeth extendsist-ing in cutting sets of right and left hand ing backward from the corresponding cuthelical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting face and staggered with respect to the ting generally longitudinal helical gashes in teeth on each adjacent land, and in supthe blank to form helical lands with underplementary removing the metal projecting cut non-radial helicoidal front cutting faces, 1 0 outward between the teeth and beyond the in providingthe grooves of the two sets with bases thereof. leads which di er to an extent dependent on 54:. The hereindescribed method of makt e amount of lead of the cutting faces, in

lng a thread milling hob, themethod conprovidingthe sides of the grooves of the sisting of cuttiig; sets of right and left hand two sets with effective angles which are dif- 1 helical. V-shape grooves in a blank, in cutferent from the angles of the corresponding ting generally longitudinal helical gashes in sides of the teeth to an extent dependent on the blank to form helical lands with helithe amount of undercut, and in sorelating coidal front cutting faces, the axial spacthe said grooves and gashes'that their edges ing of the said grooves being approximately intersect at common points to form similar twice the axial spacing of .the required relieved thread cutting teeth extending'backteeth on the hob and the circumferential ward from the said undercut cutting faces. spacing being approximately twice the cir-' 58. e hereindescribed method of makcumferential spacing of the cutting faces, ing a thread milling hob having its teeth arand' in so relating the said grooves and ranged in confornnty with a thread the gashes that their edges intersect at common method consisting 1n cuttlng sets of right points to form on each land similar relieved and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a thread cutting teeth extending backward blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helifrom the corresponding helicoidal cutting cal gashes 1n the blank to formhelical lands face and staggered with respect to the teeth with undercut non-radial hehcoldal front 12 on each adjacent land. cutting faces, 1n provldlng the grooves of 55. The herein described method of makthe two sets with leads which differ to an ing a thread milling hob, the method conextent dependent on the amount of lead of sisting of cutting sets of right and left hand the cutting faces, in providing the sides of helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutthe grooves of the two sets with effective ting generally longitudinal helical gashes in angles which differ to an extent dependent the blank to form helical lands with helicoi on the amount of lead of the cutting faces dal front cutting faces, the depth of said and which are further d fferent from the grooves being in excess of the depth of the angles of the corresponding sides of the thread to be milled and the axial spacing teeth to an extent dependent on the amount 13 of undercut, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said undercut cutting faces.

59. The hereindescribed method of. making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in ablank, in cutting generally longitudinal gashes in the blank to form lands with undercut non-radial cutting faces, the depth of the said grooves being in excess of the depth of the thread to be milled and the axial spacing o the grooves being approximately twice the axial spacing of the required teeth on the hob and the circumferential spacing being approximately twice the circumferential spacing o the cutting faces, in providing the sides of the grooves of the two sets with effective angles which are different from the angles of the corresponding sides of the teeth to an extent dependent on' the amount of the undercut, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form on each land similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the corresponding undercut cutl ting face and staggered with respect to the teeth on each adjacent land.

60. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with undercut non-radial helicoidal cutting faces, the

depth of'the said grooves being in excess of the depth of the thread to be milled and the axial spacing of the grooves being approximately twice the axial spacing of the required teeth on the hob and the circumferent-ial spacing being approximately twice the-circumferential spacing of the cutting faces, in roviding the grooves of the two sets with eads whichdifler to an extent de pendent on the amount of lead of the cutting faces, in providing the sides of the rooves of the two sets with effective angles which are different from the angles of the corresponding sides of the teeth to an extent dependent on the amount of undercut, and in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form on each land similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the corresponding undercut cutting face vand staggered with respect to the teeth on each adjacent land.

61. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cuttin generally longitudinal gashes in the blank to form lands with undercut nongashes and the flattening tops of the teeth in accordance with the flattening the radial relief on the other parts of the teeth. l

62. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consistingin cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank,to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar radially relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the said helicoidal cutting faces, and in supplementally flattening the tops of the teeth in accordance with the radial relief on the other parts of the teeth.

63. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob, the method consisting incutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in custing generally longitudinal helical gashes in the blank to form helical lands with helicoidal front cutting faces, the depth of the said grooves being in excess of the depth of the thread to be milled andthe axial spacing of the grooves being approximately twice the axial spacing of the required teeth on the hob and the circumferential spacing being approximately twice the circumferential spacing of the cutting faces, in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form on each land similar relieved thread cutting teeth extending backward from the corresponding helicoidal cutting faces and staggered with respect to the teeth on each adjacent land, and in supplementally flattening the tops of the teeth in accordance with the radial relief on the otherfparts of the teeth.

64. The hereindescribed method of making a thread milling hob. the method consisting in cutting sets of right and left hand helical V-shaped grooves in a blank, in cutting generally longitudinal gashes in the blank to form lands with front cutting faces, in so relating the said grooves and gashes that their edges intersect at common points to form similar radially relieved thread cutting'teeth extending-backward from the said cutting faces, and flattening the tops of the teeth in accordance with the radial relief on the other parts of the teeth, the cutting of the longitudinal of the teeth being effected at'a single operation.

In testimony whereof, Ihereto affix-my signature.

EARLE BUGKINGHAM.

in supplementally i 

